China - New Zealand Tax Treaty

AGREEMENT BETWEEN

THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND

THE GOVERNMENT OF NEW ZEALAND

FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION WITH RESPECT

TO TAXES ON INCOME

The Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of New Zealand;

Desiring to conclude an Agreement for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income;

Have agreed as follows:

ARTICLE 1 PERSONAL SCOPE

This Agreement shall apply to persons who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States.

ARTICLE 2 TAXES COVERED

1. The existing taxes to which the Agreement shall apply are:

(a) in the People’s Republic of China:

(i) the individual income tax;

(ii) the income tax concerning joint ventures with Chinese and foreign investment;

(iii) the income tax concerning foreign enterprises; and

(iv) the local income tax;

(hereinafter referred to as “Chinese tax” ) ;

(b) in New Zealand:

(i) the income tax; and

(ii) the excess retention tax;

(hereinafter referred to as “New Zealand tax” ) .

2. This Agreement shall also apply to any identical or substantially similar taxes which are imposed after the date of signature of this Agreement in addition to, or in place of, the existing taxes. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall notify each other of any substantial changes which have been made in their respective taxation laws within a reasonable period of time after such changes.

ARTICLE 3 GENERAL DEFINITIONS

1. For the purposes of this Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires:

(a) the term “China” means the People’s Republic of China; when used in a geographical sense it means all the territory of the
People’s Republic of China, including its territorial sea, in which the Chinese laws relating to taxation apply, and any area beyond its territorial sea, within which the People’s Republic of china has in accordance with international law sovereign rights of exploration for and exploitation of resources of the seabed and its sub-soil and superjacent water resources;

(b) the term “New Zealand” means the territory of New Zealand but does not include Tokelau or the Associated Self Governing States of the Cook Islands and Niue; it also includes any area beyond the territorial sea which by New Zealand legislation and in accordance with international law has been, or may hereafter be, designated as an area in which the rights of New Zealand with respect to natural resources may be exercised;

(c) the terms “a Contracting State” and “the other Contracting
State” mean China or New Zealand as the context requires;

(d) the term “tax” means Chinese tax or New Zealand tax as the context requires;

(e) the term “person” includes an individual, a company and any other body of persons;

(f) the term “company” means any body corporate or any entity which is treated as a body corporate for tax purposes;

(g) the terms “enterprise of a Contracting State” and “enterprise
of the other Contracting State” mean respectively an enterprise carried on by a resident of a Contracting State and an enterprise carried on by a resident of the other Contracting State;

(h) the term “national” means:

(i) in relation to China, all individuals possessing the nationality of China and all juridical persons created or organised under the laws

of China as well as any organisations without juridical personality treated for tax purposes as juridical persons so

(ii) in relation to New Zealand, any individual who is a New Zealand citizen and any legal person or other entity deriving its status as such from the law in force in New Zealand;

(i) the term “international traffic” means any transport by a
ship or aircraft operated by an enterprise of a Contracting State, except when the ship or aircraft is operated solely between places in the other Contracting State;

(j) the term “competent authority” means, in the case of China,
the General Taxation Bureau of the Ministry of Finance or its authorised representative, and, in the case of New Zealand, the Commissioner of Inland Revenue or his authorised representative.

2. As regards the application of this Agreement by a Contracting State, any term not defined therein shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the meaning which it has under the laws of that Contracting State concerning the taxes to which this Agreement applies.

ARTICLE 4 RESIDENT

1. For the purposes of this Agreement, the term “resident of a Contracting State” means any person who, under the laws of that Contracting State, is
   liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place of head office or any other criterion of a similar nature.

2. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then his status shall be determined as follows:

(a) He shall be deemed to be a resident of the State in which
he has a permanent home available to him; if he has a permanent home available to him in both States, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State with which his personal and economic relations are closer (centre of vital interests) ;

(b) If the State in which he has his centre of vital interests
cannot be determined, or if he has not a permanent home available to him in either State, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State in which he has an habitual abode;

(c) If he has an habitual abode in both States or in neither of them, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State of which he is a national;

(d) If he is a national of both States or of neither of them, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall settle the question by mutual agreement.

3. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 a person other
   than an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then it shall
   be deemed to be a resident of the Contracting State in which its head office is situated.

ARTICLE 5 PERMANENT ESTABLISHMENT

1. For the purposes of this Agreement, the term “permanent
   establishment” means a fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.

2. the term “permanent establishment” includes especially:

(a) a place of management;

(b) a branch;

(c) an office;

(d) a factory;

(e) a workshop; and

(f) a mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry or any other place of extraction of natural resources.

3. The term “permanent establishment” likewise encompasses:

(a) a building site, a construction, assembly or installation
project or supervisory activities in connection therewith, but only where such site, project or activities continue for a period of more than six months;

(b) the furnishing of services, including consultancy services, by
an enterprise of a Contracting State through employees or other personnel in the other Contracting State, provided that such activities continue for the same project or a connected project for period or periods aggregating more than six months within any twelve month period.

(c) (i) the carrying on of activities by an enterprise of a
Contracting State, in the other Contracting State in connection with the exploration for, or exploitation of natural resources situated in that other Contracting State;

(ii) the provisions of subparagraph (c) (i) shall not apply if
such activities are carried on only for a period not exceeding one month. However for the purposes of this subparagraph activities carried on in that Contracting State by an enterprise associated with another enterprise shall be regarded as carried on by the enterprise with which it is associated if thoes acrivities are connected with activities carried on in that Contracting State by the last-mentioned enterprise. An enterprise shall be deemed to be associated with another enterprise if

one is controlled directly or indirectly by the other, or if both
are controlled directly or indirectly by a third person or persons.

4. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 to 3, the term
   “permanent establishment” shall be deemed not to include:

(a) the use of facilifies solely for the purpose of storage,
display or delivery of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise:

(b) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery;

(c) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by another enterprise;

(d) the maintenance of a fixed place of business sloely for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise or of collecting information, for the enterprise;

(e) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of carrying on, for the enterprise, any other activity of a preparatory or auxiliary character.

5. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, where a person—other than an agent of an independent status to whom the provisions of
   paragraph 6 apply—is acting in a Contracting State on behalf of an enterprise of the other Contracting State and has, and habitually exercises, an authority to conclude contracts in the name of the enterprise, that enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the first-mentioned Contracting State in respect of
   any activities which that person undertakes for the enterprise, unless the activities of such person are limited to those mentioned in paragraph 4 which, if exercised
   through a fixed place of business, would not make this fixed place of
   business a permanent establishment under the provisions of that paragraph.

6. An enterprise of a Contracting State shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State merely because it carries on business in that Contracting State through a broker, general commission agent or any other agent of an independent status, provided that such persons are acting in the ordinary course of their business. However, when the activities of such an agent are devoted wholly or almost wholly on behalf of that enterprise, he will not be considered an agent of an independent status within the meaning of this paragraph.

7. The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contracting State controls or is controlled by a company which is a resident of the other
   Contracting State, or which carries on business in that other State (whether
   through a permanent establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute either company a permanent establishment of the other.

ARTICLE 6

INCOME FROM IMMOVABLE PROPERTY

1. Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State from immovable property situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State.

2. The term “immovable property” shall have the meaning which it has under the law of the Contracting State in which the property in question is situated. The term shall in any case include property accessory to immovable property,
   livestock and equipment used in agriculture and forestry, rights to which the provisions of general law respecting landed property apply, usufruct of immovable property and
   rights to variable or fixed payments as consideration for the working of, or the right to work, mineral deposits, sources and other natural resources. Ships, boats and
   aircraft shall not be regarded as immovable property.

3. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall apply to income derived from the direct use, letting, or use in any other form of immovable property.

4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 shall also apply to the
   income from immovable property of an enterprise and to income from immovable property used for the performance of independent personal services.

ARTICLE 7 BUSINESS PROFITS

1. The profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that Contracting State unless the enterprise carries on business in the
   other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein. If the enterprise carries on business as aforesaid, the profits of the enterprise may be taxed
   in the other Contracting State but only so much of them as is attributable to
   that permanent establishment.

2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, where an enterprise of a Contracting State carries on business in the other Contracting State
   through a permanent establishment situated therein, there shall in each Contracting State be attributed to that permanent establishment the profits which it might be expected to make if it were a distinct and separate enterprise engaged in the same or similar
   activities under the same or similar conditions and dealing wholly independently with the
   enterprise of which it is a permanent establishment.

3. In determining the profits of a permanent establishment, there shall be allowed as deductions expenses which are incurred for the purposes of the
   business of the permanent establishment, including executive and general administrative expenses so incurred, whether in the State in which the permanent establishment
   is situated or elsewhere.

4. Insofar as it has been customary in the Contracting State to
   determine the profits to be attributed to a permanent establishment on the basis of an apportionment of the total profits of the enterprise to its various parts, nothing in paragraph 2 shall

preclude that Contracting State from determining the profits to be taxed by such an apportionment as may be customary; the method of apportionment adopted shall, however, be such that the result shall be in accordance with the principles contained in this Article.

5. No profits shall be attributed to a permanent establishment by reason of the mere purchase by that permanent establishment of goods or merchandise
   for the enterprise.

6. For the purposes of paragraphs 1 to 5, the profits to be
   attributed to the permanent establishment shall be determined by the same method year by year unless there is good and sufficient reason to the contrary.

7. Where profits include items of income which are dealt with separately in other Articles of this Agreement, then the provisions of those Articles shall not be affected by the provisions of this Articie.

ARTICLE 8

SHIPPING AND AIR TRANSPORT

1. Profits from the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic shall be taxable only in the Contracting State in which the place of head
   office of the enterprise is situated.

2. If the place of head office of a shipping enterprise is aboard
   a ship, then it shall be deemed to be situated in the Contracting State in which the home harbour of the ship is situated, or if there is no such home harbour, in the Contracting State of which the operator of the ship is a resident.

3. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall also apply to profits from the participation in a pool, a joint business or an international operating agency.

ARTICLE 9 ASSOCIATED ENTERPRISES

1. Where:

(a) an enterprise of a Contracting State participates directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of the other Contracting State, or

(b) the same persons participate directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of a Contracting State and an enterprise of the other Contracting State, and in either case conditions are made or imposed between the two enterprises in their commercial or financial relations which differ from those which would be made between independent enterprises, then any profits which would, but for those conditions, have accrued to one of the enterprises, but, by

reason of those conditions, have not so accrued, may be included in the profits of that enterprise and taxed accordingly.

2. Where a Contracting State includes in the profits of an
   enterprise of that Contracting State and taxes accordingly profits on which an enterprise
   of the other Contracting State has been charged to tax in that other Contracting
   State, and the profits so included are profits which would have accrued to the
   enterprise of the first-mentioned State if the conditions made between the two
   enterprises had been those which would have been made between independent enterprises, then that other Contracting State shall make an appropriate adjustment to the amount of tax charged therein on those profits. In determining such adjustment, due regard shall be had to the other provisions of this Agreement and the competent
   authorities of the Contracting State shall if necessary consult each other.

ARTICLE 10 DIVIDENDS

1. Dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State.

2. However, such dividends may also be taxed in the Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident and according to the
   laws of that Contracting State, but if the recipient is the beneficial owner of the dividends the tax so charged shall not exceed 15 percent of the gross amount of the dividends.

The provisions of this paragraph shall not affect the taxation of the company in respect of the profits out of which the dividends are paid.

3. The term “dividends” as used in this Article means income from
   shares, or other rights, not being debt-claims, participating in profits, as well as income from other corporate rights which is subjected to the same taxation
   treatment as income from shares by the laws of the Contracting State of which the company making the distribution is a resident.

4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the dividends, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other Contracting State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the
   holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.

5. Where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State derives profits or income from the other Contracting State, that other Contracting State may not impose any tax on the dividends paid by the company, except insofar as such divideds are paid to a resident of that other Contracting State or insofar as the hloding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with a permanent establishment or fixed base situated in that other Contracting State, nor subject
   the company’s

undistributed profits to a tax on the company’s undistributed profits, even if the dividends paid or the undistributed profits consist wholly or partly
of profits or income arising in such other Contracting State.

ARTICLE 11 INTEREST

1. Interest arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident
   of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State.

2. However, such interest may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which it arises and according to the laws of that Contracting State, but if the recipient is the beneficial owner of the interest the tax so charged shall not exceed 10 per cent of the gross amount of the interest.

3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2 interest arising in a Contracting State and derived by the Government of the other Contracting State,
   a political subdivision or local authority, the Central Bank of that other Contracting State or any financial institution wholly owned by that Government or by any other resident of that other Contracting State with respect to debt-claims of that resident which are financed, guaranteed or insured by the Government of that other Contracting State, a political subdivision or local authority, the Central Bank of the other Contracting State or any financial institution wholly owned by that Government shall be exempt from tax in the first-mentioned Contracting State.

4. The term “interest” as used in this Article means income from debt-claims of every kind, whether or not secured by mortgage and whether or not carrying a right to participate in the debtor’s profits, and in particular, income
   from government securities and income from bonds or debentures, including premiums and prizes attaching to such securities, bonds or debentures. However, this term does not include income dealt with in Article 10. Penalty charges for late paymen of tax shall not be regarded as interest for the purpose of this Article.

5. The provisions of paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the interest, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the interest arises, through a permanent
   establishment situated therein, or performs in that other Contracting State
   independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the debt-claim in respect of which the interest is paid is effectively connected with such permanent
   establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.

6. Interest shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is the Government of that Contracting State, a political subdivision, a local authority or a resident of that Contracting State. Where, however, the person paying
   the interest, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a
   Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the indebtedness on which the interest is paid was incurred, and such interest is borne by such permanent

establishment or fixed base, then such interest shall be deemed to
arise in the Contracting State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.

7. Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the interest, having regard to the debt-claim for which it is paid,
   exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial
   owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall
   apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments
   shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Agreement.

ARTICLE 12 ROYALTIES

1. Royalties arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident
   of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State.

2. However, such royalties may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which they arise and according to the laws of that Contracting State, but if the recipient is the beneficial owner of the royalties, the tax so charged shall not exceed 10 per cent of the gross amount of the royalties.

3. The term “royalties” as used in this Article means payments of
   any kind received as a consideration for the use of, or the right to use, any copyright of literary, artistic or scientific work including cinematograph films and films or tapes for radio or television broadcasting, any patent, know-how, trade mark, design or model, plan, secret formula or process, or for the use of, or the right to use, industrial, commercial or scientific equipment, or for information concerning industrial,
   commercial or scientific experience.

4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the royalties, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the royalties arise, through a permanent
   establishment situated therein, or performs in that other Contracting State
   independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or
   property in respect of which the royalties are paid is effectively connected with
   such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.

5. Royalties shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is the Government of that Contracting State, a political subdivision, a local authority or a resident of that Contracting State. Where, however, the person paying the royalties, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a
   Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the liability to pay the royalties was incurred, and such royalties are borne by
   such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such royalties shall be deemed to
   arise in the Contracting State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.

6. Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or betweem both of them and some other person, the amount of the royalties, having regard to the use, right or information for which
   they are paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer
   and the benficical owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions
   of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the
   excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Agreement.

ARTICLE 13 ALIENATION OF PROPERTY

1. Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the
   alienation of immovable property referred to in Article 6 and situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State.

2. Gains from the alienation of movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State or of a movable property pertaining to a fixed base available to a resident of a Contracting State in the other
   Contracting State for the purpose of performing independent personal services, including such gains
   from the alienation of such a permanent establishment (alone or with the whole enterprise) or of such a fixed base, may be taxed in that other Contracting State.

3. Gains from the alienation of ships or aircraft operated in international traffic or movable property pertaining to the operation of such ships or aircraft, shall be taxable only in the Contracting State in which the place of head office of
   the enterprise is situated.

4. Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of any property other than that referred to in paragraphs 1 to 3 and
   arising in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State.

ARTICLE 14 INDEPENDENT PERSONAL SERVICES

1. Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of professional services or other activities of an independent character shall be taxable
   only in that Contracting State except in the following circumstances when such income may also be taxed in the other Contracting State:

(a) if he has a fixed base regularly available to him
in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing his activities; in that case only so much of the income as is attributable to that fixed base may be taxed in that other Contracting State; or

(b) if his stay in the other Contracting State is for a period
or periods amounting to or exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in any

consecutive period of 12 months; in that case only so much of the income as is derived from his activities performed in that other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State.

2. The term “professional services” includes especially independent
   scientific, literary, artistic, educational or teaching activities as well as the independent activities of physicians, lawyers, engineers, architects, dentists and accountants.

ARTICLE 15 DEPENDENT PERSONAL SERVICES

1. Subject to the provisions of Articles 16, 18, 19, 20 and 21, salaries, wages and other similar remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment shall be taxable only in that Contracting State unless the employment is exercised in the other Contracting State. If the employment is so
   exercised, such remuneration as is derived therefrom may be taxed in that other Contracting State.

2. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, remuneration derived
   by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment exercised in the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned State if:

(a) the recipient is present in the other Contracting State for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in any consecutive period of 12 months; and

(b) the remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of, an employer who is not a resident of the other Contracting State; and

(c) the remuneration is not borne by a permanent establishment or a fixed base which the employer has in the other Contracting State.

3. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article,
   remuneration derived in respect of an employment exercised aboard a ship or aircraft operated in international traffic, may be taxed in the Contracting State in which the place of head office of the enterprise is situated.

ARTICLE 16 DIRECTORS' FEES

Directors’ fees and other similar payments derived by a resident of a Contracting State in his capacity as a member of the board of directors of a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State.

ARTICLE 17 ARTISTES AND ATHLETES

1. Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 14 and 15, income
   derived by a resident of a Contracting State as an entertainer, such as a
   theatre, motion picture, radio or television artiste, or a musician, or as an athlete, from his personal activities as such exercised in the other Contracting State, may be taxed
   in that other Contracting State.

2. Where income in respect of personal activities exercised by an entertainer or an athlete in his capacity as such accrues not to the entertainer or athlete himself but to another person, that income may, notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 7, 14 and 15, be taxed in the Contracting State in which the activities of the entertainer or athlete are exercised.

3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, income
   derived by entertainers or athletes who are residents of a Contracting State
   from the activities exercised in the other Contracting State under an arrangement of
   cultural exchange between the Governments of the Contracting States in that other Contracting State.

ARTICLE 18 PENSIONS

1. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 19, pensions
   and other similar remuneration paid to a resident of a Contracting State in consideration of past employment shall be taxable only in that Contracting State.

2. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, pensions paid and
   other similar payments made by the Covernment of a Contracting State or a local authority thereof under a public welfare scheme or the social security
   system of that Contracting State may be taxed in that Contracting State.

ARTICLE 19 GOVERNMENT SERVICE

1. (a) Remuneration, other than a pension, paid by the
   Government of a Contracting State or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to the Government of that Contracting State or a local authority thereof, in the discharge of functions of
   a governmental nature, shall be taxable only in that Contracting State.

(b) However, such remuneration shall be taxable only in the
other Contracting State if the services are rendered in that other Contracting State and the individual is a resident of that other Contracting State who:

(i) is a national of that other Contracting State; or

(ii) did not become a resident of that other Contracting State solely for the purpose of rendering the services.

2. (a) Any pension paid by, or out of funds to which contributions are made by, the Government of a Contracting State or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to the Government of that Contracting State or a local authority thereof shall be taxable only in that Contracting State.

(b) However, such pension shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the individual is a resident of, and a national of, that
other Contracting State.

3. The provisions of Articles 15, 16, 17 and 18 shall apply to remuneration and pensions in respect of services rendered in connection with a business carried on by the Government of a Contracting State or a local authority thereof.

ARTICLE 20 TEACHERS AND RESEARCHERS

An individual who is, or immediately before visiting a Contracting State was, a resident of the other Contracting State and is temporarily
present in the first-mentioned State for the primary purpose of teaching,
giving lectures or conducting research at a university, college, school or other
accredited educational institution in the first-mentioned State shall be exempt from tax in the first-mentioned State for a period not exceeding two years from the date of his
first arrival in the first-mentioned State, in respect of remuneration for such teaching,
lectures or research.

ARTICLE 21 STUDENTS AND TRAINEES

Payments which a student, a business apprentice or a trainee who is
or was immediately before visiting a Contracting State a resident of the
other Contracting State and who is present in the first-mentioned State solely for the purpose of his study or training, receives for the purpose of his maintenance, study or training, shall not be taxed in that first-mentioned State.

ARTICLE 22 OTHER INCOME

1. Items of income of a resident of a Contracting State not dealt
   with in the foregoing Articles of this Agreement and arising in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State.

2. However, items of income of a resident of a Contracting State not dealt with in the foregoing Articles of this Agreement, and other than those referred to in paragraph 1, shall be taxable only in that Contracting State.

3. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply to income,
   other than income from immovable property as defined in paragraph 2 of Article
   6, if the recipient of such income, who is a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other Contracting State independent personal services
   from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the income is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed
   base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.

ARTICLE 23

METHODS FOR ELIMINATION OF DOUBLE TAXATION

1. In China, double taxation shall be eliminated as follows:

Where a resident of China derives income from New Zealand, the amount of tax on that income payable in New Zealand, in accordance with the
provisions of this Agreement, may be credited against the Chinese tax imposed on that
resident. The amount of credit, however, shall not exceed the amount of the
Chinese tax on that income computed in accordance with the taxation laws and regulations of China.

2. In the case of New Zealand, double taxation shall be avoided as follows:

(a) Subject to any provisions of the laws of New Zealand which
may from time to time be in force and which related to the allowance of a credit against New Zealand tax of tax paid in a country outside New Zealand (which shall not affect the general principle hereof), Chinese tax paid under the laws of the People’s Republic of China and consistently with this Agreement, whether directly or by deduction, in respect of income derived by a resident of New Zealand from sources in the People’s Republic of China (excluding, in the case of a dividend, tax paid in respect of the profits out of which the dividend is paid shall be allowed as a credit against New Zealand tax payable in respect of that income;

(b) For the purposes of this Article, income of a resident of New Zealand which in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement may be taxed in the People’s Republic of China shall be deemed to arise from sources in the People’s Republic of China.

3. For the purposes of paragraph 2 (a), tax payable in the People’s Republic of China by a resident of New Zealand shall be deemed to include any amount which would have been payable as Chinese tax for any year but for an exemption from, or reduction of tax granted for that year or any part thereof under any of the following provisions of Chinese law:

(a) Articles 5 and 6 of the Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China Concerning Joint Ventures with Chinese and Foreign Investment and Article 3 of the Detailed Rules and Regulations for the Implementation of the Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China concerning Joint Ventures with Chinese and Foreign Investment;

(b) Articles 4 and 5 of the Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China Concerning Foreign Enterprises;

(c) Articles I, II, III, IV and Ⅹ of Part I, Articles I, II, III and IV of Part II and Articles I, II and III of Part III of the interim provisions of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China concerning reduction

or exemption from enterprise income tax in special economic zones

and coastal cities;

so far as they were in force on, and have not been modified since, the date of signature of this Agreement, or have been modified only in minor respects so as not to affect their general character; or

(d) any other provision which may subsequently be made granting an exemption or reduction of tax which is agreed by the competent authorities of the Contracting States to be of a substantially similar character, if it has not been modified thereafter or has been modified only in minor respects so as not to affect its general character.

ARTICLE 24

NON-DISCRIMINATION

1. Nationals of a Contracting State shall not be subjected in the other Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which nationals of that other Contracting State in the same circumstances are or may be subjected.

2. The taxation on a permanent establishment which an
   enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State shall not be less favourably levied in that other Contracting State than the taxation levied on
   enterprises of that other Contracting State carrying on the same activities.

3. Except where the provisions of Article 9, paragraph 7 of Article
   11, or paragraph 6 of Article 12 apply, interest, royalties and other disbursements paid by a resident of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State shall, for the purposes of determining the taxable profits of the first-mentioned resident, be deductible under the same conditions as if

they had been paid to a resident of the first-mentioned State.

4. Enterprises of a Contracting State, the capital of which is
   wholly or partly owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by one or more residents of the other Contracting State, shall not be subjected in the first-mentioned State to any taxation or

any requirement connected therewith which is other or more burdensome
than the taxation and connected requirements to which other similar
enterprises of the first-mentioned State are or may be subjected.

5. Nothing contained in this Article shall be construed as obliging a Contracting State to grant to residents of the other Contracting State any
   personal allowances, reliefs and rates of tax which are by law available only to residents of the first-mentioned State.

ARTICLE 25

MUTUAL AGREEMENT PROCEDURE

1. Where a resident of a Contracting State considers that the actions of one or both of the Contracting States result or will result for him in
   taxation not in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, he may,
   irrespective of the remedies provided by the domestic law of those Contracting States, present his case to the competent authority of the Contracting State of which he is a resident.
   The case must be presented within three years from the first notification of the action resulting in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of the Agreement.

2. The competent authority shall endeavour, if the objection appears to it to be justified and if it is not itself able to arrive at a satisfactory solution, to resolve the case by mutual agreement with the competent authority of the other Contracting State, with a view to the avoidance of taxation which is not in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. Any agreement reached shall be
   implemented notwithstanding any time limits in the domestic laws of the Contracting States.

3. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavour to resolve by mutual agreement any difficulties or doubts arising as to the
   interpretation or application of the Agreement. They may also consult together for the elimination of double taxation in cases not provided for in this Agreement.

4. The competent authorities of the Contracting States may communicate
   with each other directly for the purpose of reaching an agreement in
   the sense of paragraphs 2 and 3. When it seems advisable for reaching agreement, representatives of the competent authorities of the Contracting States may meet together for an oral exchange of opinions.

ARTICLE 26 EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION

1. The competent authorities of the Contracting State shall exchange
   such information as is necessary for carrying out the provisions of this Agreement or of the domestic laws of the Contracting States concerning taxes covered by the Agreement, insofar as the taxation thereunder is not contrary to this Agreement, in particular for the prevention of evasion of such taxes. The exchange of information is not restricted by Article 1. Any information received by a Contracting State shall
   be treated as secret in the same manner as information obtained under the domestic
   laws of that

Contracting State and shall be disclosed only to persons or
authorities (including courts and administrative bodies) involved in the assessment or
collection of, the enforcement or prosecution in respect of, or the determination of appeals in relation to, the taxes covered by the Agreement. Such persons or authorities
shall use the information only for such purposes. They may disclose the information in public court proceedings or in judicial decisions.

2. In no case shall the provisions of paragraph 1 be construed so as to impose on a Contracting State the obligation:

(a) to carry out administrative measures at variance with the laws and the administrative practice of that or of the other Contracting State;

(b) to supply information which is not obtainable under the laws or in the normal course of the administration of that or of the other Contracting State;

(c) to supply information which would disclose any trade, business, industrial, commercial or professional secret or trade process, or information, the disclosure of which would be contrary to public policy.

ARTICLE 27

DIPLOMATIC AGENTS AND CONSULAR OFFICERS

Nothing in this Agreement shall affect the fiscal privileges of diplomatic agents or consular officers under the general rules of international
law or under the provisions of special agreements.

ARTICLE 28 ENTRY INTO FORCE

1. Each of the Contracting States shall notify each other that the
   procedures required by its laws for the entry into force of this Agreement have been complied with.

2. This Agreement shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date of the later of the notifications referred to in paragraph 1 and its provisions shall have effect:

(a) in the People’s Republic of China:

in respect of income derived during the taxable year beginning on or after the first day of January in the calendar year next following that in which this Agreement enters into force;

(b) in New Zealand:

in respect of income derived during any income year beginning on or after the first day of April in the calendar year next following that in which this Agreement enters into force.

ARTICLE 29 TERMINATION

This Agreement shall continue in effect indefinitely but either of the Contracting States may, on or before the thirtieth day of June in any calendar year beginning after the expiration of a period of five years from the date of its
entry into force, give written notice of termination to the other Contracting State through
the diplomatic channel. In such event this Agreement shall cease to have effect:

(a) in China:

in respect of income derived during the taxable year beginning on or after the first day of January in the calendar year next following that in which the notice of termination is given;

(b) in New Zealand:

in respect of income derived during any income year beginning on or after the first day of April in the calendar year next following that in which the notice of termination is given.

DONE at Wellington on the 16th day of September 1986. in duplicate in the Chinese and English languages, both texts being equally authentic.

On behalf of

the Government of the People’s Republic of China

On behalf of

the Government of New Zealand